MEMBUAT RADAR MENGGUNAKAN ARDUINO DAN PROCESSING

Radar (yang dalam bahasa Inggris merupakan singkatan dari Radio Detection and Ranging, yang berarti deteksi dan penjarakan radio) adalah suatu sistem gelombang elektromagnetik yang berguna untuk mendeteksi, mengukur jarak dan membuat map benda-benda seperti pesawat terbang, berbagai kendaraan bermotor dan informasi cuaca (hujan).

Panjang gelombang yang dipancarkan radar bervariasi mulai dari milimeter hingga meter. Gelombang radio/sinyal yang dipancarkan dan dipantulkan dari suatu benda tertentu akan ditangkap oleh radar. Dengan menganalisis sinyal yang dipantulkan tersebut, pemantul sinyal dapat ditentukan lokasinya dan melalui analisis lebih lanjut dari sinyal yang dipantulkan dapat juga ditentukan jenisnya. Meskipun sinyal yang diterima relatif lemah/kecil, namun radio sinyal tersebut dapat dideteksi dan diperkuat oleh penerima radar.

Sensor ultrasonik adalah sebuah sensor yang berfungsi untuk mengubah besaran fisis (bunyi) menjadi besaran listrik dan sebaliknya. Cara kerja sensor ini didasarkan pada prinsip dari pantulan suatu gelombang suara sehingga dapat dipakai untuk menafsirkan eksistensi (jarak) suatu benda dengan frekuensi tertentu.

Arduino adalah pengendali mikro single-board yang bersifat open-source, diturunkan dari Wiring platform, dirancang untuk memudahkan penggunaan elektronik dalam berbagai bidang. Hardwarenya memiliki prosesor Atmel AVR dan softwarenya memiliki bahasa pemrograman sendiri.

Sensor HC-SR04 adalah versi low cost dari sensor ultrasonic PING buatan parallax. Perbedaaannya terletak pada pin yang digunakan. HC-SR04 menggunakan 4 pin sedangkan PING buatan parallax menggunakan 3 pin. Pada Sensor HC-SR04 pin trigger dan output diletakkan terpisah. Sedangkan jika menggunakan PING dari Parallax pin trigger dan output telah diset default menjadi satu jalur. Tidak ada perbedaaan signifikan dalam pengimplementasiannya. Jangkauan karak sensor lebih jauh dari PING buatan parllax, dimana jika ping buatan parllax hanya mempunyai jarak jangkauan maksimal 350 cm sedangkan sensor HC-SR04 mempunyai kisaran jangkauan maksimal 400-500cm/

Untuk membuat radar dibutuhkan software arduino dan processing :

Software Processing : https://processing.org/download/

Berikut rangkaian radar menggunakan ARDUINO:

Daftar Komponen:

1. ARDUINO    1 buah

2. Motor Servo  1 buah

3. HC SR04  1 buah

Kode Untuk Arduino IDE:

#include <Servo.h>

// Defines Tirg and Echo pins of the Ultrasonic Sensor

const int trigPin = 10;

const int echoPin = 11;

// Variables for the duration and the distance

long duration;

int distance;

Servo myServo; // Creates a servo object for controlling the servo motor

void setup() {

pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Sets the trigPin as an Output

pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Sets the echoPin as an Input

Serial.begin(9600);

myServo.attach(12); // Defines on which pin is the servo motor attached

}

void loop() {

// rotates the servo motor from 15 to 165 degrees

for(int i=15;i<=165;i++){ 

myServo.write(i);

delay(30);

distance = calculateDistance();// Calls a function for calculating the distance measured by the Ultrasonic sensor for each degree

Serial.print(i); // Sends the current degree into the Serial Port

Serial.print(","); // Sends addition character right next to the previous value needed later in the Processing IDE for indexing

Serial.print(distance); // Sends the distance value into the Serial Port

Serial.print("."); // Sends addition character right next to the previous value needed later in the Processing IDE for indexing

}

// Repeats the previous lines from 165 to 15 degrees

for(int i=165;i>15;i--){ 

myServo.write(i);

delay(30);

distance = calculateDistance();

Serial.print(i);

Serial.print(",");

Serial.print(distance);

Serial.print(".");

}

}

// Function for calculating the distance measured by the Ultrasonic sensor

int calculateDistance(){ 

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW); 

delayMicroseconds(2);

// Sets the trigPin on HIGH state for 10 micro seconds

digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH); 

delayMicroseconds(10);

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); // Reads the echoPin, returns the sound wave travel time in microseconds

distance= duration*0.034/2;

return distance;

}

Kode Untuk Processing:

​import processing.serial.*; // imports library for serial communication

import java.awt.event.KeyEvent; // imports library for reading the data from the serial port

import java.io.IOException;

Serial myPort; // defines Object Serial

// defubes variables

String angle="";

String distance="";

String data="";

String noObject;

float pixsDistance;

int iAngle, iDistance;

int index1=0;

int index2=0;

PFont orcFont;

void setup() {

size (1200, 700); // ***CHANGE THIS TO YOUR SCREEN RESOLUTION***

smooth();

myPort = new Serial(this,"COM3", 9600); // starts the serial communication

myPort.bufferUntil('.'); // reads the data from the serial port up to the character '.'. So actually it reads this: angle,distance.

}

void draw() {

fill(98,245,31);

// simulating motion blur and slow fade of the moving line

noStroke();

fill(0,4); 

rect(0, 0, width, height-height*0.065); 

fill(98,245,31); // green color

// calls the functions for drawing the radar

drawRadar(); 

drawLine();

drawObject();

drawText();

}

void serialEvent (Serial myPort) { // starts reading data from the Serial Port

// reads the data from the Serial Port up to the character '.' and puts it into the String variable "data".

data = myPort.readStringUntil('.');

data = data.substring(0,data.length()-1);

index1 = data.indexOf(","); // find the character ',' and puts it into the variable "index1"

angle= data.substring(0, index1); // read the data from position "0" to position of the variable index1 or thats the value of the angle the Arduino Board sent into the Serial Port

distance= data.substring(index1+1, data.length()); // read the data from position "index1" to the end of the data pr thats the value of the distance

// converts the String variables into Integer

iAngle = int(angle);

iDistance = int(distance);

}

void drawRadar() {

pushMatrix();

translate(width/2,height-height*0.074); // moves the starting coordinats to new location

noFill();

strokeWeight(2);

stroke(98,245,31);

// draws the arc lines

arc(0,0,(width-width*0.0625),(width-width*0.0625),PI,TWO_PI);

arc(0,0,(width-width*0.27),(width-width*0.27),PI,TWO_PI);

arc(0,0,(width-width*0.479),(width-width*0.479),PI,TWO_PI);

arc(0,0,(width-width*0.687),(width-width*0.687),PI,TWO_PI);

// draws the angle lines

line(-width/2,0,width/2,0);

line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(30)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(30)));

line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(60)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(60)));

line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(90)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(90)));

line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(120)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(120)));

line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(150)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(150)));

line((-width/2)*cos(radians(30)),0,width/2,0);

popMatrix();

}

void drawObject() {

pushMatrix();

translate(width/2,height-height*0.074); // moves the starting coordinats to new location

strokeWeight(9);

stroke(255,10,10); // red color

pixsDistance = iDistance*((height-height*0.1666)*0.025); // covers the distance from the sensor from cm to pixels

// limiting the range to 40 cms

if(iDistance<40){

// draws the object according to the angle and the distance

line(pixsDistance*cos(radians(iAngle)),-pixsDistance*sin(radians(iAngle)),(width-width*0.505)*cos(radians(iAngle)),-(width-width*0.505)*sin(radians(iAngle)));

}

popMatrix();

}

void drawLine() {

pushMatrix();

strokeWeight(9);

stroke(30,250,60);

translate(width/2,height-height*0.074); // moves the starting coordinats to new location

line(0,0,(height-height*0.12)*cos(radians(iAngle)),-(height-height*0.12)*sin(radians(iAngle))); // draws the line according to the angle

popMatrix();

}

void drawText() { // draws the texts on the screen

pushMatrix();

if(iDistance>40) {

noObject = "Out of Range";

}

else {

noObject = "In Range";

}

fill(0,0,0);

noStroke();

rect(0, height-height*0.0648, width, height);

fill(98,245,31);

textSize(25);

text("10cm",width-width*0.3854,height-height*0.0833);

text("20cm",width-width*0.281,height-height*0.0833);

text("30cm",width-width*0.177,height-height*0.0833);

text("40cm",width-width*0.0729,height-height*0.0833);

textSize(40);

text(" TECHNICAL PROJECT ", width-width*0.875, height-height*0.0277);

text("Angle: " + iAngle +" °", width-width*0.48, height-height*0.0277);

text("Distance: ", width-width*0.26, height-height*0.0277);

if(iDistance<40) {

text(" " + iDistance +" cm", width-width*0.225, height-height*0.0277);

}

textSize(25);

fill(98,245,60);

translate((width-width*0.4994)+width/2*cos(radians(30)),(height-height*0.0907)-width/2*sin(radians(30)));

rotate(-radians(-60));

text("30°",0,0);

resetMatrix();

translate((width-width*0.503)+width/2*cos(radians(60)),(height-height*0.0888)-width/2*sin(radians(60)));

rotate(-radians(-30));

text("60°",0,0);

resetMatrix();

translate((width-width*0.507)+width/2*cos(radians(90)),(height-height*0.0833)-width/2*sin(radians(90)));

rotate(radians(0));

text("90°",0,0);

resetMatrix();

translate(width-width*0.513+width/2*cos(radians(120)),(height-height*0.07129)-width/2*sin(radians(120)));

rotate(radians(-30));

text("120°",0,0);

resetMatrix();

translate((width-width*0.5104)+width/2*cos(radians(150)),(height-height*0.0574)-width/2*sin(radians(150)));

rotate(radians(-60));

text("150°",0,0);

popMatrix(); 

}

Berikut Video Tutorial Cara Membuatnya:

Share this

Share on FacebookPlus on Google+